Smoking: Smoking tobacco products (cigarettes or arguileh) is the most important risk factor for lung cancer. Cigar or pipe smoking also increases your risk of lung cancer but this risk is lower compared to smoking cigarettes or arguileh. People exposed to second hand smoking also have a higher likelihood of developing lung cancer later on …
Lung cancer is a major worldwide health problem with an estimated 1.8 million cases of lung cancer and 1.6 million deaths due to lung cancer for the year 2012. It is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and the second cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. In most developed countries, death rates (“mortality …
The respiratory system consists of two lungs, located on each side of the chest within the ribcage, and a series of air passages that deliver oxygen to our body and release carbon dioxide. Within the lung, these air passages branch into smaller tubes (called bronchi and bronchioles) until the very smallest air sacs called alveoli. …
What is the stage of my bladder cancer? Has it spread to other areas of my body? If so to which areas has it spread? What are my chances for a cure? What are my chances for long-term survival? What is the chance that my cancer will return? How long will it take for me …
Clinical trials are research studies that involve people. Understanding what they are can help you decide if a clinical trial might be an option for you. Cancer clinical trials take place in cities and towns throughout the world. They take place in doctors’ offices, cancer centers, medical centers, community hospitals and clinics. A single trial …
I-Surgery: Urinary diversion: After your bladder is removed, you will need a new way to collect and pass urine out of your body. Several types of reconstructive surgeries can be performed to create a conduit to collect and drain urine; these are collectively referred to as “urinary diversion” procedures. One option involves removing a piece …
Different treatment options exist depending on your overall health, the stage and type of muscle-invasive bladder cancer you have and what type of therapies you have received for your disease. These include: Surgery (with chemotherapy given before or after surgery) Chemotherapy alone Chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy alone (also known as chemoradiotherapy) Immunotherapy Taking in consideration …
Determining the stage of your bladder cancer will help your doctor decide what is the most appropriate treatment for you and will allow him/her to provide you with accurate prognostic information The staging system most often used for bladder cancer is that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). This is also called the …
The following tests and procedures may be used to help diagnose bladder cancer: History and Physical examination: your doctor will ask about your health habits and past or current illnesses. He/she will also perform a general examination to check general signs of health. Urine cytology: your doctor may ask you for a urine sample to …
People who have bladder cancer may exhibit any of the following symptoms: Blood in the urine (urine color may appear brown or bright red). Frequent urination. Increased urge to urinate throughout the day. Pain or burning during urination. Lower back or flank pain. If bladder cancer has already spread to other parts of the body …
